Survivin and MKI67 mRNA expression in bladder washings of patients with superficial urothelial cell carcinoma correlate with tumor stage and grade but do not predict tumor recurrence.

cable for small-scale analysis, inductive screening, and if necessary, for regional population studies. Caution must be exercised to limit false negatives by minimizing the gap between assay primers. Although specific base changes may be associated with melting signatures, confirmation requires sequencing of PCR products. We reduced the likelihood of false positives arising in this manner by ruling out the presence of sequence variants in the region being interrogated within the population under study. Nevertheless, in unknown populations, we recommend conducting sequencing in a limited number of individuals to verify the basis for melting curve profiles of the variants being screened.